Wood Characteristics
Description, Causes, Prevention, Impact on Use and Technological Adaptation
(Sprache: Englisch)
This book offers a broad range of options for technically adapting, handling and processing wood with specific wood characteristics. It starts by discussing wood anatomy and the general factors leading to the formation of wood characteristics. The...
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This book offers a broad range of options for technically adapting, handling and processing wood with specific wood characteristics. It starts by discussing wood anatomy and the general factors leading to the formation of wood characteristics. The individual characteristics are then categorized into four groups: 1. Wood characteristics inherent in a tree's natural growth. 2. Biotically-induced wood characteristics. 3. Abiotically-induced wood characteristics. 4. Types and causes of cracks.New to this English edition is a comparison of wood characteristics found in trees from the boreal, temperate and tropical climate zones. The results show a clear relationship between the effects of sunshine duration, the vertical and horizontal angle of radiation, and crown coverage and the way wood characteristics form.
The book addresses all those who work with wood professionally: foresters, gardeners and arborists who want to be able to observe a living tree and identify its internal features and the causes of its prominent wood characteristics. Based on the findings described in this book they can determine how to avoid certain undesirable characteristics, or alternatively how to promote favorable ones as the tree and stand grow. Botanists and dendrologists will learn how wood characteristics arise, and how they affect living trees and wood products. The needs of wood technologists seeking to prevent adverse wood characteristics from influencing wood processing, or to enhance favorable wood characteristics, are also addressed.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Wood Characteristics “
IntroductionPart I: Wood, a truly remarkable material
1 The anatomical structure of wood
2 Wood characteristic or defect?
3 General factors leading to the formation of wood characteristics in the tree
3.1 Genetic predispositions, genetic alterations
3.2 Impact of physiological processes occurring within
3.3 Light / Radiation
3.4 Mechanical stress
3.5 Injury
Part II: Wood characteristics overview
4 Overview of the main wood characteristics
Part III: Description of the wood characteristics
5 Wood characteristics inherent in a treeŽs natural growth
5.1 Stem contour modifications
5.1.1 Taper
5.1.2 Crookedness
5.1.3 Forking
5.1.4 Out-of-roundness
5.1.4.1 Ovality / eccentric growth
5.1.4.2 Seams, flutes, flanges
5.2 Limbiness
5.2.1 Live and dead limbs, epicormic shoots and branches
5.2.2 Limb scars
5.3 Anatomical structure
5.3.1 Irregular tree rings / growth zones
5.3.2 Grain orientation
5.3.2.1 Spiral grain
5.3.2.2 Curly, fiddleback, hazel growth
6 Biotically induced wood characteristics
6.1 Impact of micro-organisms
6.1.1 Necroses
6.1.2 Growth anomalies caused by growth stimulating micro-organisms: galls, burls, witchesŽ brooms
6.2 Impact of animals / humans
6.2.1 Vertebrates: browsing, fraying, stripping damage
6.2.2 Forestry operations: Felling and hauling injuries (Plant exudates)
6.2.3 Stem splinters
6.3 Impact of plants: epiphytes and vines
7 Abiotically induced wood characteristics
7.1 Temperature-humidy-effect
7.1.1 Bark scorch / sunburn
7.1.2 Lightning: lightning
7.1.3 Frost crack, frost scar
7.2 Wind and snow effects
7.2.1 Fiber compressions, fiber breaks (compression fractures)
7.2.2 Shear stress cracks
8 Overview of cracks / shake forms and causes
References
Subject Index
Autoren-Porträt von Christoph Richter
Dr. rer. silv. Christoph Richter, Jahrgang 1943, war bis 2007 als Wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter am Lehrstuhl Forstnutzung in Tharandt tätig. Er kann auf über 70 Veröffentlichungen und zehn Schutzrechte (u.a. Holzmerkmale, Rundholzsortierung, Holztechnologie, Werkstoffe aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen und Recyclingprodukten, Forstliches Nebengewerbe) verweisen.
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: Christoph Richter
- 2014, 2015, X, 222 Seiten, 201 farbige Abbildungen, Maße: 21,7 x 28,4 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: Springer, Berlin
- ISBN-10: 3319074210
- ISBN-13: 9783319074214
Sprache:
Englisch
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