The Metal Road of the Eastern Eurasian Steppe

spread of socketed battle axes2.3.3 Spread of axes2.3.4 Seima-Turbino-type bronze spears2.3.5 SummaryCHAPTER THREETHE EMERGENCE AND EXPANSION OF BRONZES IN THE NORTHERN ZONE OF CHINA3.1 Emergence of the Northern Bronzes3.1.1 Northern bronzes during the early Shang period3.1.2 Northern bronzes from the late Shang to West Zhou3.1.3 Evolution of the major bronzes3.2 Eurasian Steppe at the End of the 2nd Millennium B.C.3.2.1 Kazakh steppes, East European steppe, and forest steppes in the post-Seima period3.2.2 Early bronze artifacts in the Mongolian region3.2.3 Karasuk culture in the Minusinsk Basin3.3 The Spread of Chinese Northern Bronzes3.3.1 The influence of northern bronzes on Central Plain culture3.3.2 The influence of northern bronzes on the north of the Yan Mountains3.3.3 The relationship between northern bronze and the Mongolian Plateau3.3.4 The relationship between the northern bronze and Minusinsk Basin3.3.5 The influence of the northern bronzes on the steppes beyond the border, taking the bronze short sword as an exampleCHAPTER FOURTHE BEGINNING OF THE EARLY NOMADIC AGE4.1 The Beginning of the Nomadic Culture of the Eurasian Steppe4.1.1 The northern coast of the Black Sea and the Kuban River Basin: The pre- and early Scythian cultures4.1.2 South Siberia in Russia: the Arzhan Kurgan4.1.3 Slab Grave culture in the Mongolian Plateau and Trans-Baikal4.2 The Predecessor of Nomadic Civilization in the Northern Zone of China4.2.1 Upper Xiajiadian culture4.2.2 Kayue culture4.3 Contact between the Northern Zone of China and the Eurasian Steppe4.3.1 The relationship between the Upper Xiajiadian culture and the Slab Grave culture4.3.2 Cultural interaction between the Upper Xiajiadian culture and South Siberia and the Black Sea4.3.3 Division of the middle and eastern Eurasian Steppe and their characteristics4.4 Conjectures of Transition from Animal Husbandry to Nomadic PastoralismCHAPTER FIVETHE NORTHERN ZONE OF CHINA AND THE EURASIAN STEPPE IN THE EARLY IRON AGE5.1 The Prosperous Nomadic Culture in the Eurasian Steppe5.1.1 The Scythian culture5.1.2 The Sauro-Sarmatian culture5.1.3 The Saka culture5.1.4 The Tagar culture5.1.5 The early nomadic culture in the Tuva area5.1.6 The early nomadic culture in the Altai region5.1.7 The Slab Grave culture5.2 Formation of the Northern Cultural Belt of China5.2.1 The sites of the Di in Northern China5.2.2 Remains related to the Hu in the Northern Zone5.2.3 Differences between two types of sites in the Northern Zone of China during the Eastern Zhou Period5.3 Interactions between the Northern Zone of China and the Eurasian Steppe5.3.1 Interactions with the Mongolian Plateau and Transbaikal5.3.2 Interactions with Minusinsk and Tuva5.3.3 Connections with the Altai region5.3.4 Connections with the Semirechye region in the Tianshan Mountains5.4 Further Exploration of the Origin of the Xiongnu5.4.1 Comparison between the earliest Xiongnu remains and the related remains of the Northern Zone of China and the Mongolian Plateau5.4.2 DiscussionCHAPTER SIXCULTURAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE NORTHERN ZONE OF CHINA AND THE EURASIAN STEPPE IN THE XIONGNU TIMES6.1 Study on the Staging of Xiongnu Remains6.1.1 Description of related concepts6.1.2 Staging the Xiongnu remains in Mongolia and the Transbaikal region6.1.3 The large tombs of the Xiongnu6.2 Sources of Xiongnu Cultural Elements and Their Communication with Surrounding Areas6.2.1 Analysis of the cultural factors of the Xiongnu remains in the middle and late Western Han period6.2.2 The spread of the Xiongnu culture6.2.3 Summary of the spread of Xiongnu's cultural factors and their relationship with the surrounding ethnic groups and the subordinate countries of Xiongnu6.3 The Transformation of Cultural Interactions between the Northern Zone of China and the Eurasian Steppe from the Late Warring States period to the Middle Western Han Period6.3.1 Eurasian Steppe cultural features in the Northern Zone of China during the late Warring States period6.3.2 The Eurasian Steppe cultural factors in the Northern Zone of China during the Western Han dynasty6.3.3 The cultural factors of the Central Plain in the Xiongnu culture6.3.4 The opening of the Silk Road and its southward movementCONCLUSIONI. The Development of the Northern Zone of China-Mongolian Plateau Metallurgical Province and the Rise of the XiongnuII. The Contact of the Northern Zone of China with the Asian Inland Piedmont and the Formation of the Silk RoadIII. The Eastward and Westward Cultural Advances Influenced by Cultures of the Eastern Region and the Western RegionPOSTSCRIPT