Handbook of Green Chemistry - Green Solvents

Introduction to Supercritical Fluids
 
Preface
INTRODUCTION
What is a Supercritical Fluid (SCF)?
Practical Aspects of Reactions in Supercritical Fluids
The Motivation for Use of SCFs in Modern Chemical Synthesis
The History and Applications of SCFs
HIGH-PRESSURE METHODS AND EQUIPMENT
Introduction
Infrastructure for High-Pressure Experiments
High-Pressure Reactors
Auxiliary Equipment and Handling
Dosage Under a High-Pressure Regime
Further Regulations and Control in Flow Systems
Evaporation and Condensation
Complete Reactor Systems for Synthesis with SCFs
Conclusion
BASIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, PHASE BEHAVIOR AND SOLUBILITY
Introduction
Basic Physical Properties of Supercritical Fluids
Phase Behavior in High-Pressure Systems
Factors Affecting Solubiliy in Supercritical Fluids
EXPANDED LIQUID PHASES IN CATALYSIS: GAS-EXPANDED LIQUIDS AND LIQUID-SUPERCRITICAL FLUID BIPHASIC SYSTEMS
A Practical Classification of Biphasic Systems Consisting of Liquids and Compressed Gases for Multiphase Catalysis
Physical Properties of Expanded Liquid Phases
Chemisorption of Gases in Liquids and their Use for Synthesis and Catalysis
Using Gas-Expanded Liquids for Catalysis
Why Perform Liquid-SCF Biphasic Reactions?
Biphasic Liquid-SCF Systems
Biphasic Reactions in Emulsions
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMISTRY IN SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
Introduction
Hydrogenation in Supercritical Fluids
Hydroformylation and Related Reactions in Supercritical Fluids
Oxidation Reactions in Supercritical Fluids
Palladium-Mediated Coupling Reactions in Supercritical Fluids
Miscellaneous Catalytic Reactions in Supercritical Fluids
Cycloaddition Reactions in Supercritical Fluids
Photochemical Reactions in Supercritical Fluids
Radical Reactions in Supercritical Fluids
Biotransformations in Supercritical Fluids
Conclusion
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Introduction and Scope
General Aspects of Heterogeneous Catalysis in SCFs and GXLs
Selected Examples of Heterogeneously Catalyzed

Series Editor:
Paul T. Anastas joined Yale University as Professor and iserves as the Director of the Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering at Yale. From 2004-2006, Paul Anastas has been the Director of the Green Chemistry Institute in Washington, D.C. Until June of 2004 he served as Assistant Director for Environment at e White House Office of Science and Technology Policy where his responsibilities included a wide range of environmental science issues including furthering international public-private cooperation in areas of Science for Sustainability such as Green Chemistry. In 1991, he established the industry-government-university partnership Green Chemistry Program, which was expanded to include basic research, and the Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards. He has published and edited several books in the field of Green Chemistry and is one of the inventors of the 12 principles of Green Chemistry.
 
Volume Editors:
Philip Jessop is the Canada Research Chair of Green Chemistry at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. After his Ph.D. (Inorganic Chemistry, UBC, 1991) and a postdoctoral appointment at the University of Toronto, he took a contract research position in the Research Development Corp. of Japan under the supervision of Ryoji Noyori, investigating reactions in supercritical CO2. As a professor at the University of California-Davis (1996-2003) and then at Queen's University, he has studied green solvents, the conversion of CO2 to useful products, and aspects of H2 chemistry. He has presented popular chemistry shows to thousands of members of the public. Distinctions include the Canadien Catalysis Lectureship Award (2004), a Canada Research Chair (2003 to present), and the NSERC Polanyi Award (2008). He has chaired the 2007 CHEMRAWN and ICCDU Conference on Green Chemistry, and serves as Technical Director of GreenCentre Canada.
 
Walter Leitner was born in 1963. He obtained his Ph.D. with Prof. Henri Brunner at